The US FDA’s Regulation of Fragrances: An Overview
Fragrances are chemical combinations that give perfumes and colognes a pleasant scent. Fragrances are found in cosmetics and personal care products such as makeup, moisturisers, and shampoos. An appealing fragrance enhances the user experience and makes the product more appealing to the consumer. Fragrances influence purchasing behaviour and provide a competitive edge to the product.
The fragrances are classified by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States based on their intended use. Fragrance products are classified as either drug, cosmetics, or both. Drugs are products that claim to have therapeutic benefits. A drug, for example, is a product that claims to relieve headaches or muscle pains. A cosmetic product is one that is intended to be applied to a person’s body in order to make them more attractive. According to the US FDA, perfumes, colognes, and aftershaves are considered cosmetics in this way.
Fragrances are also used by manufacturers to mask unpleasant odours in a formulation. Cosmetics labelled “unscented” may also contain fragrance ingredients. Such products have no discernible scent.
Before entering the US market, fragrance ingredients must meet the US FDA’s cosmetic ingredient requirements. Although fragrances and fragrance ingredients are exempt from US FDA approval before entering the market, they must adhere to labelling regulations and ensure consumer well-being during use. A cosmetic or personal care product containing fragrances that is to be marketed in the United States must include a list of ingredients. Most of the time, the ingredients are listed separately.
Fragrance and flavour formulae are complex mixtures of natural and synthetic chemical ingredients that cosmetic manufacturers may consider “trade secrets.” According to the US FDA, fragrances and flavour ingredients can be labelled as ‘Fragrance’ or ‘Flavour.’
